Why is colostrum considered the best first food for a newborn baby?
Colostrum is rich in maternal immunoglobulins that safeguard the newborn against bacterial and viral infections.
At what age does the World Health Organization recommend weaning to start?
Weaning should begin at exactly 6 months when breast milk alone no longer meets the growing infant's nutritional demands.
Which of the following deficiency diseases is caused by a severe lack of protein in the diet?
Kwashiorkor is caused by severe protein deficiency, resulting in oedema, moon face, and hair discolouration.
What is the main sign that distinguishes Marasmus from Kwashiorkor?
Marasmus is characterized by extreme wasting ('skin and bones'), prominent ribs, wrinkled face, and absence of oedema.
Why is feeding a baby using a clean cup and spoon recommended over a feeding bottle?
Feeding bottles and rubber teats have crevices that harbor pathogens causing gastroenteritis; cups and spoons are open and easy to sterilise.
Which mineral nutrient is essential in a pregnant mother's diet to prevent maternal anaemia?
Iron is essential for synthesising haemoglobin in red blood cells to support both mother and the growing foetus.
A child has bowed legs, knock knees, and soft bones. Which vitamin is lacking in this child's diet?
Rickets is caused by deficiency of Vitamin D (or calcium/phosphorus), leading to weak, soft, and deformed leg bones.
What role does dietary fibre (roughage) play in human nutrition?
Dietary fibre adds bulk to waste matter and stimulates intestinal peristalsis, preventing constipation and bowel disorders.